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Issue Date
2013Author
Maisels, F.Strindberg, S.
Blake, S.
Wittemyer, G.
Hart, J.
Williamson, E. A.
Aba'a, R.
Abitsi, G.
Ambahe, R. D.
Amsini, F.
Bakabana, P. C.
Hicks, T. C.
Bayogo, R. E.
Bechem, M.
Beyers, R. L.
Bezangoye, A. N.
Boundja, P.
Bout, N.
Akou, M. E.
Bene, L. B.
Fosso, B.
Greengrass, E.
Grossmann, F.
Ikamba-Nkulu, C.
Ilambu, O.
Inogwabini, B. I.
Iyenguet, F.
Kiminou, F.
Kokangoye, M.
Kujirakwinja, D.
Latour, S.
Liengola, I.
Mackaya, Q.
Madidi, J.
Madzoke, B.
Makoumbou, C.
Malanda, G. A.
Malonga, R.
Mbani, O.
Mbendzo, V. A.
Ambassa, E.
Ekinde, A.
Mihindou, Y.
Morgan, Bethan J.
Motsaba, P.
Moukala, G.
Mounguengui, A.
Mowawa, B. S.
Ndzai, C.
Nixon, S.
Nkumu, P.
Nzolani, F.
Pintea, L.
Plumptre, A.
Rainey, H.
de Semboli, B. B.
Serckx, A.
Stokes, E.
Turkalo, A.
Vanleeuwe, H.
Vosper, A.
Warren, Y.
Subject
AFRICAN ELEPHANTSFORESTS
WILDLIFE CRIME
POACHING
POPULATIONS
BIOGEOGRAPHY
ANIMAL-HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
ENDANGERED SPECIES
RESEARCH
NATIONAL PARKS
Journal title
Plos OneVolume
8Issue
3Begin page
e59469
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
African forest elephants-taxonomically and functionally unique-are being poached at accelerating rates, but we lack range-wide information on the repercussions. Analysis of the largest survey dataset ever assembled for forest elephants (80 foot-surveys; covering 13,000 km; 91,600 person-days of fieldwork) revealed that population size declined by ca. 62% between 2002-2011, and the taxon lost 30% of its geographical range. The population is now less than 10% of its potential size, occupying less than 25% of its potential range. High human population density, hunting intensity, absence of law enforcement, poor governance, and proximity to expanding infrastructure are the strongest predictors of decline. To save the remaining African forest elephants, illegal poaching for ivory and encroachment into core elephant habitat must be stopped. In addition, the international demand for ivory, which fuels illegal trade, must be dramatically reduced.Type
ArticleRights
Copyright 2013 Maisels et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Rights link
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1371/journal.pone.0059469
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Copyright 2013 Maisels et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.