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    Patterns of mortality in free-ranging California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)

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    Date Issued
    2012
    Author
    Rideout, Bruce
    Stalis, Ilse H.
    Papendick, Rebecca
    Pessier, Alan P.
    Puschner, B.
    Finkelstien, M.E.
    Smith, D.R.
    Johnson, M.
    Mace, Michael E.
    Stroud, R.
    Brandt, J.
    Burnett, J.
    Parish, C.
    Petterson, J.
    Witte, Carmel L.
    Stringfield, C.
    Orr, K.
    Zuba, Jeffery R.
    Wallace, Michael P.
    Grantham, J.
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    Subject Terms
    CALIFORNIA CONDORS
    DEATH
    ENDANGERED SPECIES
    RESEARCH
    PATHOLOGY
    TOXICOLOGY
    Journal
    Journal of Wildlife Diseases
    Volume
    48
    Issue
    1
    Start page
    95
    End page
    112
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    DOI
    10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.95
    Abstract
    We document causes of death in free-ranging California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) from the inception of the reintroduction program in 1992 through December 2009 to identify current and historic mortality factors that might interfere with establishment of self-sustaining populations in the wild. A total of 135 deaths occurred from October 1992 (the first post-release death) through December 2009, from a maximum population-at-risk of 352 birds, for a cumulative crude mortality rate of 38%. A definitive cause of death was determined for 76 of the 98 submitted cases, 70%(53/76) of which were attributed to anthropogenic causes. Trash ingestion was the most important mortality factor in nestlings (proportional mortality rate [PMR] 73%; 8/11), while lead toxicosis was the most important factor in juveniles (PMR 26%; 13/50) and adults (PMR 67%; 10/15). These results demonstrate that the leading causes of death at all California Condor release sites are anthropogenic. The mortality factors thought to be important in the decline of the historic California Condor population, particularly lead poisoning, remain the most important documented mortality factors today. Without effective mitigation, these factors can be expected to have the same effects on the sustainability of the wild populations as they have in the past.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12634/719
    Type
    Article
    Rights
    Copyright Wildlife Disease Association 2012
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.95
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