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dc.contributor.authorRideout, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorStalis, Ilse H.
dc.contributor.authorPapendick, Rebecca
dc.contributor.authorPessier, Alan P.
dc.contributor.authorPuschner, B.
dc.contributor.authorFinkelstien, M.E.
dc.contributor.authorSmith, D.R.
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, M.
dc.contributor.authorMace, Michael E.
dc.contributor.authorStroud, R.
dc.contributor.authorBrandt, J.
dc.contributor.authorBurnett, J.
dc.contributor.authorParish, C.
dc.contributor.authorPetterson, J.
dc.contributor.authorWitte, Carmel L.
dc.contributor.authorStringfield, C.
dc.contributor.authorOrr, K.
dc.contributor.authorZuba, Jeffery R.
dc.contributor.authorWallace, Michael P.
dc.contributor.authorGrantham, J.
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-06T21:36:33Z
dc.date.available2020-11-06T21:36:33Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.identifier.issn0090-3558
dc.identifier.doi10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.95
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12634/719
dc.description.abstractWe document causes of death in free-ranging California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) from the inception of the reintroduction program in 1992 through December 2009 to identify current and historic mortality factors that might interfere with establishment of self-sustaining populations in the wild. A total of 135 deaths occurred from October 1992 (the first post-release death) through December 2009, from a maximum population-at-risk of 352 birds, for a cumulative crude mortality rate of 38%. A definitive cause of death was determined for 76 of the 98 submitted cases, 70%(53/76) of which were attributed to anthropogenic causes. Trash ingestion was the most important mortality factor in nestlings (proportional mortality rate [PMR] 73%; 8/11), while lead toxicosis was the most important factor in juveniles (PMR 26%; 13/50) and adults (PMR 67%; 10/15). These results demonstrate that the leading causes of death at all California Condor release sites are anthropogenic. The mortality factors thought to be important in the decline of the historic California Condor population, particularly lead poisoning, remain the most important documented mortality factors today. Without effective mitigation, these factors can be expected to have the same effects on the sustainability of the wild populations as they have in the past.
dc.language.isoen
dc.relation.urihttp://www.jwildlifedis.org/doi/abs/10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.95
dc.rightsCopyright Wildlife Disease Association 2012
dc.subjectCALIFORNIA CONDORS
dc.subjectDEATH
dc.subjectENDANGERED SPECIES
dc.subjectRESEARCH
dc.subjectPATHOLOGY
dc.subjectTOXICOLOGY
dc.titlePatterns of mortality in free-ranging California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)
dc.typeArticle
dc.source.journaltitleJournal of Wildlife Diseases
dc.source.volume48
dc.source.issue1
dc.source.beginpage95
dc.source.endpage112
dcterms.dateAccepted
html.description.abstractWe document causes of death in free-ranging California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) from the inception of the reintroduction program in 1992 through December 2009 to identify current and historic mortality factors that might interfere with establishment of self-sustaining populations in the wild. A total of 135 deaths occurred from October 1992 (the first post-release death) through December 2009, from a maximum population-at-risk of 352 birds, for a cumulative crude mortality rate of 38%. A definitive cause of death was determined for 76 of the 98 submitted cases, 70%(53/76) of which were attributed to anthropogenic causes. Trash ingestion was the most important mortality factor in nestlings (proportional mortality rate [PMR] 73%; 8/11), while lead toxicosis was the most important factor in juveniles (PMR 26%; 13/50) and adults (PMR 67%; 10/15). These results demonstrate that the leading causes of death at all California Condor release sites are anthropogenic. The mortality factors thought to be important in the decline of the historic California Condor population, particularly lead poisoning, remain the most important documented mortality factors today. Without effective mitigation, these factors can be expected to have the same effects on the sustainability of the wild populations as they have in the past.


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