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Issue Date
2011Author
Locke, Devin P.Hillier, LaDeana W.
Warren, Wesley C.
Worley, Kim C.
Nazareth, Lynne V.
Muzny, Donna M.
Yang, Shiaw-Pyng
Wang, Zhengyuan
Chinwalla, Asif T.
Minx, Pat
Mitreva, Makedonka
Cook, Lisa
Delehaunty, Kim D.
Fronick, Catrina
Schmidt, Heather
Fulton, Lucinda A.
Fulton, Robert S.
Nelson, Joanne O.
Magrini, Vincent
Pohl, Craig
Graves, Tina A.
Markovic, Chris
Cree, Andy
Dinh, Huyen H.
Hume, Jennifer
Kovar, Christie L.
Fowler, Gerald R.
Lunter, Gerton
Meader, Stephen
Heger, Andreas
Ponting, Chris P.
Marques-Bonet, Tomas
Alkan, Can
Chen, Lin
Cheng, Ze
Kidd, Jeffrey M.
Eichler, Evan E.
White, Simon
Searle, Stephen
Vilella, Albert J.
Chen, Yuan
Flicek, Paul
Ma, Jian
Raney, Brian
Suh, Bernard
Burhans, Richard
Herrero, Javier
Haussler, David
Faria, Rui
Fernando, Olga
Darré, Fleur
Farré, Domènec
Gazave, Elodie
Oliva, Meritxell
Navarro, Arcadi
Roberto, Roberta
Capozzi, Oronzo
Archidiacono, Nicoletta
Valle, Giuliano Della
Purgato, Stefania
Rocchi, Mariano
Konkel, Miriam K.
Walker, Jerilyn A.
Ullmer, Brygg
Batzer, Mark A.
Smit, Arian F. A.
Hubley, Robert
Casola, Claudio
Schrider, Daniel R.
Hahn, Matthew W.
Quesada, Victor
Puente, Xose S.
Ordoñez, Gonzalo R.
López-Otín, Carlos
Vinar, Tomas
Brejova, Brona
Ratan, Aakrosh
Harris, Robert S.
Miller, Webb
Kosiol, Carolin
Lawson, Heather A.
Taliwal, Vikas
Martins, André L.
Siepel, Adam
RoyChoudhury, Arindam
Ma, Xin
Degenhardt, Jeremiah
Bustamante, Carlos D.
Gutenkunst, Ryan N.
Mailund, Thomas
Dutheil, Julien Y.
Hobolth, Asger
Schierup, Mikkel H.
Ryder, Oliver A.
Yoshinaga, Yuko
de Jong, Pieter J.
Weinstock, George M.
Rogers, Jeffrey
Mardis, Elaine R.
Gibbs, Richard A.
Wilson, Richard K.
Subject
ORANGUTANSSOUTHEAST ASIA
BORNEO
APES
HUMANS
GENOMICS
TAXONOMIES
EVOLUTION
METABOLISM
BIODIVERSITY
POPULATIONS
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
PRIMATOLOGY
RESEARCH
Journal title
NatureVolume
469Issue
7331Begin page
529End page
533
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
‘Orang-utan’ is derived from a Malay term meaning ‘man of the forest’ and aptly describes the southeast Asian great apes native to Sumatra and Borneo. The orang-utan species, Pongo abelii (Sumatran) and Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean), are the most phylogenetically distant great apes from humans, thereby providing an informative perspective on hominid evolution. Here we present a Sumatran orang-utan draft genome assembly and short read sequence data from five Sumatran and five Bornean orang-utan genomes. Our analyses reveal that, compared to other primates, the orang-utan genome has many unique features. Structural evolution of the orang-utan genome has proceeded much more slowly than other great apes, evidenced by fewer rearrangements, less segmental duplication, a lower rate of gene family turnover and surprisingly quiescent Alu repeats, which have played a major role in restructuring other primate genomes. We also describe a primate polymorphic neocentromere, found in both Pongo species, emphasizing the gradual evolution of orang-utan genome structure. Orang-utans have extremely low energy usage for a eutherian mammal1, far lower than their hominid relatives. Adding their genome to the repertoire of sequenced primates illuminates new signals of positive selection in several pathways including glycolipid metabolism. From the population perspective, both Pongo species are deeply diverse; however, Sumatran individuals possess greater diversity than their Bornean counterparts, and more species-specific variation. Our estimate of Bornean/Sumatran speciation time, 400,000 years ago, is more recent than most previous studies and underscores the complexity of the orang-utan speciation process. Despite a smaller modern census population size, the Sumatran effective population size (Ne) expanded exponentially relative to the ancestral Ne after the split, while Bornean Ne declined over the same period. Overall, the resources and analyses presented here offer new opportunities in evolutionary genomics, insights into hominid biology, and an extensive database of variation for conservation efforts.Type
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This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/), which permits distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This licence does not permit commercial exploitation, and derivative works must be licensed under the same or similar licence.Rights link
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09687
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